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High frequency activity in the gamma range, for example, is thought to bind neural information from different networks, a process that is required for a number of perceptual and cognitive tasks and that is disrupted in several neurocognitive disorders including ASD.
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Neural integration processes are reflected in various frequency domains of an individual’s EEG. On the basis of this evidence, ASD is hypothesized to be a “disconnection syndrome”, one in which the anatomical and functional integration of neural circuits is disrupted. The multitude of neural atypicalities identified in individuals with ASD coupled with recent findings showing significant generic heterogeneity have contributed to conceptualizing ASD as a syndrome characterized by differences in brain-wide neural circuitry that emerge across development. The phenotypic complexity of ASD has been associated with a variety of differences in both functional and anatomical neural substrates. The presentation of ASD is very heterogeneous, and changes depending on a child’s intellectual abilities, language proficiency, and age. The agencies/funders had NO role in design data analysis or publication.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental syndrome primarily characterized by deficits in social communication and interactions, and repetitive/restricted patterns of behaviors, interests, and/or activities, which are present, at least in part, from early in development. Funding was provided by grant NIDCD RO1 DC 10290 and the Simon’s Foundation to CAN and HTF. įunding: Funding was provided by grant from National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) R21 DC 08637 and Autism Speaks to HTF. Data have been deposited to Figshare and are available at. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Received: MaAccepted: JPublished: August 20, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Righi et al. Reid, Lancaster University, United Kingdom Moreover, they provide further evidence that ASD is broadly characterized by differences in neural integration that emerge during the first year of life.Ĭitation: Righi G, Tierney AL, Tager-Flusberg H, Nelson CA (2014) Functional Connectivity in the First Year of Life in Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: An EEG Study. These results demonstrate that reduced functional connectivity appears to be related to genetic vulnerability for ASD. Significant differences in functional connectivity were also found between low-risk infants and high-risk infants who did not go onto develop ASD. Moreover, by 12-months-of-age infants later diagnosed with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity, compared to both infants at low risk for the disorder and infants at high risk who were not later diagnosed with ASD. We found that by 12-months-of-age infants at risk for ASD showed reduced functional connectivity compared to low risk infants. We computed intrahemispheric linear coherence between anterior and posterior sites as a measure of neural functional connectivity derived from electroencephalography while the infants were listening to speech sounds.
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In the present study we tested infants at high- and low-risk for ASD (based on having an older sibling diagnosed with the disorder or not) at 6- and 12-months-of-age. These studies have often tested infants who have a significant family history of autism spectrum disorder, given the increased prevalence observed among such infants. In the field of autism research, recent work has been devoted to studying both behavioral and neural markers that may aide in early identification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).